主讲人：Lamberto Rondoni（都灵理工大学）

题目：Reality and Probability: When does probability turn material? A statistical mechanics point of view

时间：2023年10月11日上午09:00

地点：理工楼1201

报告摘要：

The formalism of statistical mechanics has been developed to treat macroscopic systems observed over macroscopic times, via the notion of ensembles applied to simple mechanical quantities that emerge as thermodynamic variables at the macroscopic level. The success of such a formalism is remarkable. Remaining within the hard sciences, the development of bio- and nano-technologies has prompted a massive use of the combination of mechanics and statistics that are the core of statistical mechanics. However, in these technologies the basic tenets of statistical mechanics may be violated both because the systems under consideration and the observation times typically are not macroscopic. This makes fluctuations often more relevant than average signals. Non-standard variables then often turn interesting. This leads to questions about the proper use of ensembles. For instance only a finite (and small) part of a heat bath may actually interact with the system of interest, while an experiment is performed, and the hard to populate tails of the distributions, rather than the bulk, contribute substantially to the phenomenon. We illustrate these points considering both exactly solvable and molecular dynamics models, showing how "bad" exponential variables may by profitably used in presence of phase transitions, thanks to "bad" (insufficient) statistics. We conclude with a discussion of time reversal invariance in presence of magnetic fields.

个人简介：

Lamberto Rondoni, Professor of Politecnico di Torino, has over 180 publications on various subjects ranging from analysis of EEG to cosmological problems, including Kinetic Theory, applications of stochastic processes to chemical reactions and pattern formation, anomalous diffusion and nonequilibrium phenomena in general. He is the Editor-in-Chief of “Non-equilibrium Phenomena” section of journal Entropy, Editor of “Computational Mathematica”, and Editor of book Series “Applications of Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics in Science and Engineering” within Springer Verlag “Understanding Complex Systems” series.